Nazi Scourge Exhibition
In its base form, the Nazi Scourge exhibit is organized into 10 Frames and each of the 10 Frames has 16 Pages. You can think of these Frames like chapters in a book, each of the “Chapters” (Frames) has 16 Pages each, and when read in order, all these “Chapters” tell the story of the Holocaust.
The story the exhibit tells is in chronological order, starting in 1933 with the rise of Hitler, going through the end of World War II in 1945. Each Frame will cover specific years and topics from the World War II and the Holocaust.
Despite its chronological format, the exhibit is designed for you to jump in at any point and start reading.
How to Navigate
There are two different ways to explore our Nazi Scourge Exhibit:
If you wish to read the entire Nazi Scourge exhibit in order chronologically, as if you were visiting the exhibit in person, keep reading below for a “story book” version you can flip through!
Or, if you would like a more detailed look at our artifacts, click below to visit our HUB! The HUB, hosted on CatalogIt, is an online archive with detailed information, photos, and back-up research material for all of our artifacts.
The HUB entries are also divided into the 10 Frames following the chronological nature of the exhibit, but you can start your deep dive with any artifact that interests you.
All of our materials on the CatalogIt HUB have a watermark; if you would like to request high-resolution, watermark-free versions of our artifact photos and materials for educational purposes, please contact our Collections Assistant, Caroline Walrich: caroline@spungenfoundation.org
Scourge I Main Exhibit
Artifacts/archives pertaining to the Nazi Scourge Primary Exhibition.
F01_P01: Nazi Scourge Postal Evidence of the Holocaust and the Devastation of Europe, B
1943 April 11, post card from Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
F01_P01: Postal Evidence of the Holocaust And the Devastation of Europe, C
1941 September 3, sender's receipt addressed from Sachsenhausen concentration camp to Hans Oberleitner.
F01_P01: Postal Evidence of the Holocaust And the Devastation of Europe, D
1941 September 6, return receipt from Oranienburg concentration camp.
F01_P02: Adolf Hitler assumes power in Germany, January 30, 1933
1934 January 29, post card commemorating the first anniversary of Hitler's appointment as Chancellor.
F01_P03: Gestapo: the state secret police
1937 February 17, envelope from police headquarters in Düsseldorf to the Gestapo.
F01_P04: Nazi SS consolidation of all state power, 1936
1936 July 2, envelope summoning Herrn Dachwitz to interrogations in Essen.
F01_P05: Nazi Party membership
1936 May 8, membership book belonging to Karl Rometsch of the Nazi Party.
F01_P06: Anti-Nazi Resistance: the Communist Party
Membership book belonged to Nicholas Marrow of the Communist Party of the U.S.A., December 31st, 1934.
F01_P07: Concentration Camps Oranienburg and Hammerstein 1933 and 1934
1934 May 18, envelope containing release document sent from Oranienburg concentration camp to Hammerstein concentration camp.
F01_P07: Concentration Camps Oranienburg and Hammerstein 1933 and 1934, A
1934 May 18, release document sent from Oranienburg concentration camp to Hammerstein concentration camp.
F01_P07: Concentration Camps Oranienburg and Hammerstein 1933 and 1934, B
c.1933, scrip worth 5-pfennig from Oranienburg concentration camp.
F01_P07: Concentration Camps Oranienburg and Hammerstein 1933 and 1934, C
c.1933, scrip worth 10-pfennig from Oranienburg concentration camp.
F01_P07: Concentration Camps Oranienburg and Hammerstein 1933 and 1934, D
c.1933, scrip with 50-pfennig from Oranienburg concentration camp.
F01_P07: Concentration Camps Oranienburg and Hammerstein 1933 and 1934, E
c.1933, scrip worth 1-mark from Oranienburg concentration camp.
F01_P08: Concentration Camp Dachau established, 1933
1933 May 5, post card from Dachau concentration camp guard Josef Haff.
F01_P08: Concentration Camp Dachau established, 1933, attestation of service
1933 September 16, document attesting to Josef Haff's performance as a guard.
F01_P09: Concentration Camp Dachau
1933 September 6, post card from Otto Marx at Dachau concentration camp.
F01_P10: Concentration Camp Dachau, Karl Meyer Christmas
1937 December 24, post card from Karl Meyer to his wife Karoline Meyer for Christmas.
F01_P11: Concentration Camp Dachau, Helena and Tadeusz Tyszarski
1944, November 30, post card and lettersheet between Tadeusz and Helena Tyszarska.
F01_P11: Concentration Camp Dachau, Tyszarski Family
1944 December 1, lettersheet addressed to Helena from Tadeusz Tyszarski.
F01_P12: Concentration Camp Dachau, Easter
1941 April 18, envelope and letter from Johann Golla to his wife Elli and their family.
F01_P13: Concentration Camp Dachau, SS takes command
1935 February 18, envelope from Thedor Eicke's office as Dachau commandant.
F01_P13: Concentration Camp Dachau, SS takes command, Maier Schloss
1934 October 3, post card from Maier Schloss, inmate at Dachau concentration camp.
F01_P14: Concentration Camp Dachau Civilian Support for the Nazi Administration
1942 February 22, post card from Dachau concentration camp.
F01_P15: Concentration Camp Sachsenburg
1935 June 11, lettercard for prisoner correspondence.
F01_P16: Concentration Camp Sachsenhausen, Flossenbürg
1944 August 26, parcel waybill from SS headquarters at Oranienburg to the Flossenbürg concentration camp.
F01_P16: Concentration Camp Sachsenhausen, Oranienburg
1937 July 9, post card from Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany.
F02_P01: Concentration Camp Sachsenhausen, Prisoner Letter Instructions
1941 August 15, envelope mimeographed with pertinent information regarding postage.
F02_P02: Concentration Camp Sachsenhausen
1940 October 4, envelope sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Germany from Vienna, Austria.
F02_P02: Concentration Camp Sachsenhausen
1942 September 2, envelope addressed to Vojtèch Plesník at Sachsenhausen, sent by Karl Plesník.
F02_P03: Concentration Camp Sachsenhausen, Secret Note
1942 August 16, letter from Lorenz Janowski to his wife, Johanna Janowksi with secret note.
F02_P04: Concentration Camp Sachsenhausen Jehovah’s Witness
1942 September 20, letter sent by Wilhelm Becker, a Jehovah's Witness member.
F02_P05: Concentration Camp Sachsenhausen Germany’s Secret War: Unternehmen Bernhard
c. 1940s, bank note from Sachsenhausen concentration camp, Operation Bernhard.
F02_P06: Concentration Camp Sachsenhausen; Subcamp Schwarzheide
1944 December 9, envelope addressed to Josef Weintraub at Schwarzheide concentration camp.
F02_P07: Concentration Camp Buchenwald
1938 May 20, envelope sent from Hermann Jahn to his wife Hedwig from Buchenwald concentration camp.
F02_P07: Concentration Camp Buchenwald, Crematorium
1942 May 29, waybill from the Buchenwald concentration camp crematorium shipment.
F02_P08: Concentration Camp Buchenwald, Netherlands
1945 March 28, money order sent from the Netherlands to Buchenwald for recipient Geert Jan (G.J.) Blauw.
F02_P08: Concentration Camp Buchenwald, Serbo-Croatian Prisoner
1945 January 20, envelope and letter written by Stjepan Salaj to his wife in Yugoslavia from Buchenwald concentration camp.
F02_P09: Concentration Camp Ravensbrück
1940 May 28, envelope sent from Ravensbrück women's concentration camp.
F02_P09: Concentration Camp Ravensbrück, Letter
1940 May 18, letter notifying the recipient that the sender is a prisoner at Ravensbrück women's concentration camp.
F02_P09: Concentration Camp Ravensbrück, Maslo Kazimier
1940, June 18, post card from prisoner at Ravensbrück women's concentration camp in Fürstenburg, Germany.
F02_P10: Concentration Camp Ravensbrück, Eufemii Stefaniszyn
1943 November 23, cover and letter from Ravensbrück women's concentration camp addressed to Eufemii Stefaniszyn's daughter Jasiu/Johanne.
F02_P11: Sex Slavery Concentration Camps Ravensbrück and Buchenwald
1944 November 9, parcel card addressed to Buchenwald concentration camp prisoner Wanda Kasmikowska.
F02_P12: Concentration Camps Dachau and Ravensbrück Camp to Camp Mail
1944, letters from Dachau concentration camp written by Hennyk Grabowski addressed to his wife and daughter at Ravensbrück.
F02_P13: Concentration Camp Flossenbürg, Tekla Krzyminska
1944 March 11, envelope from Flossenbürg concentration camp.
F02_P14: Concentration Camp Neuengamme; Labor Camp Drütte
1940 June 4, waybill addressed to Nazi guard at Drütte Labor Camp in Salzgitter, Germany.
F02_P14: Concentration Camp Neuengamme; Labor Camp Drütte, Tekla Krzyminski
1943 February 5, envelope addressed to Tekla Krzyminski at Neuengamme concentration camp.
F02_P15: Youth Concentration Camp Moringen
1944 August 26, letter from Moringen boy's concentration camp.
F02_P16: Compulsory Sterilization and Euthanasia Rehearsal for the Holocaust
1938 December 30, post card from Gugging State Hospital.
F03_P01: Persecution of Jews
1939 August 8, newspaper sent by Nazi regime to incite antisemitism in Germany.
F03_P02: Persecution of Jews
1936 March 18, post card forbidding Jews from voting and voter registration.
F03_P03: Assertion of Racial Purity; Denial of Jewish Ancestry
1936 October 14, envelope including documents of racial purity and denial of Jewish ancestry.
F03_P04: Persecution of Jews; Irene Harand Resistance Organization
1937 November 8, post card from the Deutsches Museum in Munich.
F03_P04: Persecution of Jews; Irene Harand Resistance Organization
1938 January 15, post card from Hodonin, Czechoslovakia to Nürnberg, Germany.
F03_P05: Persecution of Jews, Margot Sara Joseph
1939 April 3, identification card and photo from Margot Sara Joseph in Cologne, Germany.
F03_P05: Persecution of Jews, Ruth Sara Joseph
c. 1930s, photograph of Margot Joseph's daughter.
F03_P07: Jewish Flight from Nazi Germany
1937 August 30, envelope from Jewish Emigration Association (JEAS) and Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) coupon.
F03_P08: Jewish Flight from Nazi Germany
1939 October 2, post card from family who fled/hope to flee to Shanghai.
F03_P08: Jewish Flight from Nazi Germany, New York
1936 August 5, post card from family who fled/hope to flee to New York.
F03_P09: The Kristallnacht Night of Terror against Jews
1938 November 18, post card from Dachau, action brief.
F03_P10: Mass Arrests and Incarceration of Jews
1941 August 17, envelope and letter from Buchenwald concentration camp.
F03_P11: Jewish Flight from Nazi Germany, Visa for Palestine
1938 December 9, visa issued for immigration to Palestine.
F03_P12: Jewish Flight from Nazi Germany "Voyage of the Damned"
1939 July 20, envelope from Roman Kempler to Samuel Neumann, an inmate at Kitchener Internment Camp.
F03_P13: Civil War in Spain
1936 December 23, lettersheet mailed from Spain to Argentina amidst Spanish Civil War.
F03_P14: Civil War in Spain German and Italian Forces Mail
1937 March 24, envelope from Condor Legion German forces
F03_P14: Civil War in Spain German and Italian Forces Mail
1938 August 28, post card from Italian forces.
F03_P15: Civil War in Spain Republican Mail
1939 March 22, envelope from St. Gilles, France to Andalusia, Spain.
F03_P16: Civil War in Spain Nationalist Mail
1938 June 20, envelope with commemoration charity label for General Franco.
F04_P01: Civil War in Spain International Brigades Mail
1938 March 7, envelope from International Brigades to Czechoslovakia.
F04_P02: Aftermath of the Civil War in Spain Refugees in France
1939 October 13, envelope from Camp Argeles-sur-Mer refugee camp.
F04_P03: Aftermath of the Civil War in Spain Refugees in France
1941 January 14, envelope from German internee to Memphis, Tennessee.
F04_P03: Aftermath of the Civil War in Spain Refugees in France, Camp de Gurs
1942 July 1, post card from Barcelona to Oradour-sur-Glane internment camp.
F04_P04: Annexation of Austria, Vienna to New York
1938 September 25, envelope from Vienna to New York.
F04_P05: Annexation of Austria, Gestapo
1938 April 28, post card from formerly Jewish theatrical firm in Vienna.
F04_P05: Annexation of Austria, Innsbruck Gestapo
1938 May 31, envelope from the Gestapo office at Innsbruck.
F04_P06: Concentration Camp Mauthausen
1941 June 26, envelope and lettersheet from prisoner at Mauthausen concentration camp.
F04_P07: Concentration Camp Mauthausen and Subcamp Gusen
1941 March 11, post card from Mauthausen concentration camp.
F04_P07: Concentration Camp Mauthausen and Subcamp Gusen, Brief
1940 July 4, post card from Gusen notifying Anna Cienciata her husband is imprisoned there.
F04_P08: Concentration Camp Mauthausen, Subcamp Gusen, Inmate Suicide
1941 November 15, drawing of inmate Escriba Moran committing suicide at Gusen subcamp.
F04_P08: Concentration Camp Mauthausen, Subcamp Gusen, Report
1941 November 15, report typed on the suicide of inmate Escriba Moran.
F04_P09: Persecution of Austrian Jews
1938 April 10, identification card for voters in Reichstag election.
F04_P09: Persecution of Austrian Jews
1942 April 29, post card tax notice addressed to Otto Erich Israel Weiniger.
F04_P10: Flight of Austrian Jews
1938 March 28, envelope and letter for assistance from Chicago relative.
F04_P11: Flight of Austrian Jews, Visa Receipt
1939 January 30, receipt issued in Vienna confirming Rachele Klarberg's visa.
F04_P12: Annexation of the Sudetenland
1938 October 26, post card with provincial postmarks and Czech censorship stamp.
F04_P13: Subjugation and Dismemberment of Czechoslovakia
1939 March 28, envelope printed with provincial overprinted stamps.
F04_P13: Subjugation and Dismemberment of Czechoslovakia, Protectorate Stamps
1939 December 15, post card with last-day-of-use cover and protectorate stamps.
F04_P14: Return to Sender, Not Permitted! Out of the Letterbox
1940 June 17, post card from Ravensburg to Bratislava.
F04_P15: Persecution and Flight of Czech Jews
1941 September 1, envelope from Bohemia-Moravia as Czech lawyer took over Jewish lawyers' office.
F04_P15: Persecution and Flight of Czech Jews
1940 January 19, envelope from Prague Jewish Community to Soprotimis (Society for the Protection of Jewish Immigrants).
F04_P16: Political Prison and Jewish Ghetto Theresienstadt
1940 May 20, post card addressed to German solder at Theresienstadt.
F04_P16: Political Prison and Jewish Ghetto Theresienstadt, Anti-Nazi Political Prisoner
1943 June 17, post card from anti-Nazi political prisoner to sister in Prague.
F05_P01: Jewish Ghetto Theresienstadt Rabbi Leo Baeck
1944 January 23, post card from Rabbi Leo Baeck to Rabbi Emil Kronheim.